Subscribe now

Humans

Ancient genomes reveal when modern humans and Neanderthals interbred

The oldest genomes ever recovered from modern humans have helped pin down when and how the momentous mingling of two hominins played out

By Michael Marshall

12 December 2024

Illustration of modern humans who lived in Europe about 45,000 years ago

Tom Björklund

Modern humans and Neanderthals interbred over a sustained period of around 7000 years, probably in the eastern Mediterranean. That is according to two studies that trace how these two hominins hybridised in unprecedented detail.

“The vast majority of the Neanderthal gene flow… occurred in a single, shared, extended period,” says Priya Moorjani at the University of California, Berkeley.

The studies confirm that modern humans acquired important gene variants by mixing with Neanderthals,…

Sign up to our weekly newsletter

Receive a weekly dose of discovery in your inbox! We'll also keep you up to date with New Scientist events and special offers.

Sign up

To continue reading, subscribe today with our introductory offers